GENERAL REFERENCES
Adams, Matthew L., Designating U.S. Seacoast Fortifications: War Department General Orders and Letters from the Adjutant General, 1809-1950, 2000, self-published.
Anderson, David G., and Michael Russo, Native Earthen Architecture in Eastern North America, in Cultural Resources Management Bulletin No. 6, 1999, National Park Service, Washington.
Anderson, Fred, The War that made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War, 2005, Viking Press, The Penguin Group, New York.
Berhow, Mark A., (editor), American Seacoast Defenses: A Reference Guide (2nd edition), 1999, 2004, The CDSG Press, McLean, Virginia.
Bial, Raymond, Building America: The Forts, 2002, Benchmark Books, Marshall Cavendish, Tarrytown, New York.
Colby, C. B., Historic American Forts: From Frontier Stockade to Coastal Fortress, 1963, Coward-McCann, Inc., New York.
Coles, Harry L., The War of 1812, 1965, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Collins, Gilbert, Guidebook to the Historic Sites of the War of 1812, 1998, Dundern Press, Toronto, Ontario.
Council on America's Military Past, Headquarters Heliogram periodical, Nos. 273 and up, May-June 1999 to present, Sunbright, Tennessee.
Floyd, Dale E., Defending America's Coasts, 1775-1950: A Bibliography, 1985, 1997 (2nd edition), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office of History, Alexandria, Virginia.
Fowler, William M., Jr., Empires at War: The French and Indian War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1763, 2005, reprint 2006, Walker Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
Gardner, Charles K., A Dictionary of the Army of the United States, 1853, Government Printing Office, Washington.
Grant, Bruce, American Forts: Yesterday and Today, 1965, E.P. Dutton and Company, Inc., New York.
Greguras, Fred, Spanish-American War Camps, 1898-99 Period, in The Journal of America's Military Past, Vol. XXVI, No. 3, Winter 2000.
Hannings, Bud, A Portrait of the Stars and Stripes (Vol. I), 1988, Seniram Publishing, Inc., Glenside, Pennsylvania.
Hannings, Bud, A Portrait of the Stars and Stripes, Vol. II, 1991, Seniram Publishing, Inc., Glenside, Pennsylvania.
Hayes, Derek, Historical Atlas of the United States, with Original Maps, 2007, University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
Hearn, Chester G., The Illustrated Directory of the United States Marine Corps, 2003, Motorbooks International (MBI) Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minnesota.
Hesseltine, William B. (ed.), Civil War Prisons, 1962, reprint 1972, The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio.
Hibbert, Christopher, Redcoats and Rebels: The American Revolution Through British Eyes, 1990, reprint 1991, Avon Books, New York.
Hickey, Donald R., The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict, 1989, reprint 1995, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.
Hinds, James R., and Edmund Fitzgerald, Bulwark and Bastion: A Look at Musket Era Fortifications with a Glance at Period Siegecraft, 1981, revised 1996, Pioneer Press, Union City, Tennessee.
Jones, David E., Native North American Armor, Shields, and Fortifications, 2004, University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas.
Kalman, Bobby, and David Schimpky, Fort Life, 1994, Crabtree Publishing Company, New York.
Kaufmann, J.E., and H.W. Kaufmann, Fortress America: The Forts that Defended America, 1600 to the Present (with 2004 Addendum on CD-ROM), 2004, Da Capo Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Lang, Walt, United States Military Almanac, 1989, Military Press (Crown Publishers, Inc.), New York.
Latimer, Jon, 1812: War with America, 2007, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Lewis, Emanuel Raymond, Seacoast Fortifications of the United States: An Introductory History, 1970, reprint 1993 (with corrections), Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.
Masoff, Joy, Chronicle of America: American Revolution, 1700-1800, 2000, Scholastic, Inc., New York.
Masoff, Joy, Chronicle of America: Colonial Times, 1600-1700, 2000, Scholastic, Inc., New York.
McGovern, Terrance, and Bolling Smith, American Coastal Defenses 1885-1950, 2006, Osprey Publishing Ltd., Botley, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Meinig, D.W., The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Vol. 1: Atlantic America, 1492-1800, 1986, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
Middleton, Richard, Colonial America: A History, 1585-1776 (2nd edition), 1992, 1996, reprint 1997, Blackwell Publishers, Inc., Malden, Massachusetts.
Mitchell, Patricia B., Yanks, Rebels, Rats, and Rations: Scratching for Food in Civil War Prison Camps, 1993, reprint 1997, self-published.
Moore, Christopher, The Loyalists: Revolution, Exile, Settlement, 1984, revised 1994, McClelland and Stewart, Inc., Toronto, Ontario.
Parkman, Aubrey, Army Engineers in New England: The Military and Civil Works of the Corps of Engineers in New England 1775-1975, 1978, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Prucha, Francis Paul, A Guide to the Military Posts of the United States, 1789-1895, 1964, The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc., Explore America: Forts and Battlefields, 1997, Pleasantville, New York.
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc., Explore America: Historic Places, 1993, reprint 1995, Pleasantville, New York.
The Reader's Digest Association, Inc., Explore America: Our Living History, 1996, Pleasantville, New York.
Roberts, Robert B., Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States, 1988, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
Robinson, Willard B., American Forts: Architectural Form and Function, 1977, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois.
Rubel, David, America's War of Independence, 1763-1783: A Concise Illustrated History of the American Revolution, 1992, Silver Moon Press/Agincourt Press, New York.
Sarty, Roger F., Coast Artillery, 1815-1914, 1988, Museum Restoration Service, Bloomfield, Ontario.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (ed.), The Almanac of American History (Revised and Updated Edition), 1983, 1993, Barnes and Noble Books, New York.
Schultz, Eric B., and Michael J. Tougias, King Philip's War: The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict, 1999, reprint 2000, The Countryman Press, Woodstock, Vermont.
Shively, Julie, The Ideals Guide to Places of the American Revolution, 2001, Ideals Publications, Nashville, Tennessee.
Symonds, Craig L., A Battlefield Atlas of the American Revolution, 1986, reprint 1999, The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland.
Thompson, Kenneth E., Jr., Gun Houses in New England: Part of the Second System Seacoast Defenses in 1808, in The Coast Defense Study Group Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3, Aug. 1997.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of History, The History of the US Army Corps of Engineers, 1986, 1998 (2nd edition), Alexandria, Virginia.
United States House of Representatives, Permanent Fortifications and Sea-Coast Defences: Report of the Committee on Military Affairs, 1862, reprint 1998, The CDSG Press, Bel Air, Maryland.
United States House of Representatives, Report of the Board on Fortifications or Other Defenses, with Plates to Accompany the Report, 1886, reprint 2007, The CDSG Press, McLean, Virginia.
United States House of Representatives, Report of the Board of Review of the War Department to the Secretary of War on the Coast Defenses of the United States, the Panama Canal, and the Insular Possessions, 1916, reprint 2007, The CDSG Press, McLean, Virginia.
United States Senate, Report of the National Coast-Defense Board, 1906, reprint 2007, The CDSG Press, McLean, Virginia.
Weaver, John R., II, A Legacy in Brick and Stone: American Coastal Defense Forts of the Third System, 1816-1867, 2001, Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana.
Williford, Glen M., The Transitional Coast Defense Generation: American Seacoast Defenses of the 1870s, 2005, self-published.
Wood, W.J., Battles of the Revolutionary War, 1775-81, 1990, Da Capo Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #7 - The Seacoast Defenses of Connecticut and of Long Island Sound, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 4, No. 2, May 1990.
CONNECTICUT
Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, Fort Trumbull State Park brochure, undated.
Connecticut - Rhode Island Atlas and Gazetteer, 2001 (2nd edition), DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine.
MAINE
For Kittery - Portsmouth Harbor sources, see sources - Portsmouth Forts at PortsmouthForts.com
Benoit, Peter W., History of Jewell Island, Maine, 1996, reprint 2002 (with Addendum), self-published.
Bradley, Robert L., The Forts of Maine, 1607-1945: An Archaeological and Historical Survey, 1981, Maine Historic Preservation Commision and Maine Bureau of Parks and Recreation.
Cayford, John E., Fort Knox - Fortress in Maine, 1983, Cay-Bel Publishing Co., Bangor, Maine.
Eastman, Joel W., Egg Rock Rodmans Re-Emplaced in Bar Harbor After 94 Years, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 6, No. 3, Aug. 1992.
Eastman, Joel W., Walking Tour of Fort McKinley: Interpreters Guide, 1999.
Fort Williams Park Trust, Fort Williams Official Centennial Walking Tour brochure, 1999, Cape Elizabeth, Maine.
The Maine Atlas and Gazetteer, 2004 (27th edition), DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine.
Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands, Fort Edgecomb State Historic Site brochure, undated.
Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands, Fort Knox State Historic Site brochure, undated.
Porter, C.F., A Brief History of Works Erected for the Defense of Portland, Maine, 1905, Press of the Engineer School, Washington Barracks, D.C.
Portland Harbor Museum, A Guide to Fort Preble, 1808-1950 brochure, undated.
Thompson, Kenneth E., Jr., Portland Head Light and Fort Williams: An Illustrated History with a Walking Guide Map, 1998, The Thompson Group, Portland, Maine.
Two Lights State Park, A Guide to Battery 201, 1942-1945 brochure, undated.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #1 - The Coast Defenses of Eastern Maine, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 2, No. 4, Nov. 1988.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #2 - The Coast Defenses of Portland, Maine, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 3, No. 1, Feb. 1989.
MASSACHUSETTS
Butler, Gerald W., The Guns of Boston Harbor: From the Bay Colony through the Present, 2001, 1stBooks Library.
Butler, Gerald W., The Military History of Boston's Harbor Islands, 2000, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Butler, Gerald W., The Military History of the Cape Cod Canal, 2002, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Castle Island Association, Castle Island - Fort Independence brochure, undated.
Coe, Michael D., The Line of Forts: Historical Archaeology on the Colonial Frontier of Massachusetts, 2006, University Press of New England, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Fort Taber Historical Association, Inc., A Brief History of Fort Taber brochure, undated.
Harris, John, The Birth of Boston: Pilgrims, Puritans, and Pioneers, 1980, The Boston Globe, Boston.
Harris, John, Washington's First Victory: The Liberation of Boston, 1976, The Boston Globe, Boston.
Massachusetts Atlas and Gazetteer, 1998 (1st edition), DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine.
McDonald, Christopher, The Military History of New Bedford, 2001, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
National Park Service, Springfield Armory National Historic Site brochure, 1994.
Schmidt, Jay, Fort Warren: New England's Most Historic Civil War Site, 2003, UBT Press, Amherst, New Hampshire.
Vaughan, Tom, Early History of Fort Banks, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 4, No. 1, Feb. 1990.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #4 - The Defenses of Boston, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 3, No. 3, Aug. 1989.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #5 - The Coast Defenses of New Bedford and the Buzzards Bay Canal, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 3, No. 4, Nov. 1989.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
For Portsmouth Harbor sources, see sources - Portsmouth Forts at PortsmouthForts.com
Cuneo, John R., Mysterious Fort Wentworth, in Historical New Hampshire, Vol. XVII, June 1962.
Guyol, Philip N., Fort Wentworth: The Mystery Compounded, in Historical New Hampshire, Vol. XVII, June 1962.
Hazlett, Charles A., "Chapter XXXIX - New Castle", from History of Rockingham County, New Hampshire, and Representative Citizens, 1915, Richmond-Arnold Publishing Co., Chicago, transcribed by Claudia Menzel.
Heald, Bruce D., New Hampshire in the Civil War, 2001, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
New Hampshire Atlas and Gazetteer, 1999 (12th edition), DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine.
The New Hampshire Society of the Colonial Dames of America, The Colonial Garrisons of New Hampshire, 1937, Exeter, New Hampshire.
Rutledge, Lyman, Ten Miles Out: Guide Book to the Isles of Shoals, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1949, 1984 (6th edition), with revisions and additions by Frederick T. McGill, Jr., Isles of Shoals Association (Unitarian-Universalist), Boston.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #3 - The Seacoast Defenses of Portsmouth, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 3, No. 2, May 1989.
NEW YORK
Barone, Constance, Madison Barracks Stone Hospital: Saving an Architectural Gem, in The Journal of America's Military Past, Vol. XXX, No. 3, Winter 2005.
Batha, Thomas D., Fort Montgomery - Rouses Point, New York, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 6, No. 2, May, 1992.
Bellico, Russell P., Chronicles of Lake George: Journeys in War and Peace, 1995, Purple Mountain Press, Ltd., Fleischmanns, New York.
Bellico, Russell P., Sails and Steam in the Mountains: A Maritime and Military History of Lake George and Lake Champlain, 1992, reprint 1998 (with corrections), Purple Mountain Press, Ltd., Fleischmanns, New York.
Brennan, Robert E., and Jeannie I., Sackets Harbor, 2000, reprint 2001, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Chan, Elise D., Jefferson County, 1997, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Dolkart, Andrew S., and New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Guide to New York City Landmarks, 2nd Edition, 1998, Preservation Press, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Dorrance, William H., History of Fort Slocum (Davids Island Military Reservation), in The Coast Defense Study Group Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, Nov. 1996.
Fort Edwards Historical Association, Old Fort House Museum brochure, undated.
Fort Ticonderoga brochure, 2004.
Fort William Henry Museum, Fort William Henry, 1755-1757 brochure, 2004.
Gaines, William C., Fort Schuyler and the Defenses of the Eastern Approaches to New York Harbor: A Historic Resource Study, in The Coast Defense Study Group Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, Nov. 1996.
Gaines, William C., Fort Totten and the Coastal Defenses of Eastern New York, in The Coast Defense Study Group Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1, Feb. 1997.
Gaines, William C., The Inner Harbor Fortifications of New York, in The Coast Defense Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4, Nov. 2006.
Griswold, William A., A Reasoned Approach to the Defense of New York Harbor for the War of 1812, in The Journal of America's Military Past, Vol. XXX, No. 1, Winter 2004.
Hutchinson, Ann, Along the Trail and Into the Past: Architecture and History Along the New York State Seaway Trail, 1986, St. Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission, Watertown, New York.
Lawry, Nelson H., A Brief History of the USMA's Battery Byrne, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 5, No. 2, May 1991.
Mohawk Valley Heritage Corridor Commission, Revolutionary War - The Mohawk Valley brochure, undated.
National Park Service, Fort Stanwix National Monument brochure, 2000.
National Park Service, Fort Stanwix Self-Guided Walking Tour brochure, undated.
National Park Service, Gateway National Recreation Area brochure, 1992.
National Park Service, Saratoga National Historical Park brochure, 1985.
National Park Service, Saratoga National Historical Park brochure, 2004.
New York Independence Trail Commission, Travel the New York Independence Trail brochure, 2004.
New York Independence Trail Commission, Visit New York's Historic Waterways brochure, 2004.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Bennington Battlefield State Historic Site brochure, 1997.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Bennington, Vermont: The Sought-After Prize / Walloomsac, New York: The Defense of Bennington brochure, 2002.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Crown Point State Historic Site brochure, 1991.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Crown Point State Historic Site brochure, 2001.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Fort Ontario State Historic Site brochure, 2001.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Johnson Hall State Historic Site brochure, 1995.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Oriskany Battlefield State Historic Site brochure, 2002.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Sackets Harbor Battlefield State Historic Site brochure, 2000.
New York Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Sackets Harbor Battlefield SHS, The Battle of Sackets Harbor: A Walking Tour brochure, 1997.
New York State Atlas and Gazetteer, 1998 (5th edition), DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine.
Old Fort Niagara Association, Old Fort Niagara brochure, 1999.
Polaski, Leo, and Glen Williford, New York City's Harbor Defenses, 2003, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Prostak, Jonathan, Fort Michie Beyond the Batteries: The Non-Tactical Structures, in The Coast Defense Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, Feb. 2003.
Rafferty, Pierce, and John Wilton, Guardian of the Sound: A Pictorial History of Fort H. G. Wright, Fishers Island, N.Y., 1998, Mount Mercer Press, New York.
Reed, George A., and Carol Reed, Fort Ontario: Guardian of the North, 2000, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Roberts, Robert B., New York's Forts in the Revolution, 1980, Farleigh Dickinson University Press (Associated University Presses, Inc.), Cranbury, New Jersey.
Schoharie County Historical Society, The Old Stone Fort Museum Complex brochure, undated.
Smith, Bolling, Dummy Guns in Brooklyn, in the Coast Defense Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3, Aug. 2006.
Starbuck, David R., Massacre at Fort William Henry, 2002, University Press of New England, Hanover, New Hampshire.
City of Stillwater, NY, The Blockhouse brochure, undated.
Sullivan, Michael D., Harbor Walk: A Guide to the History and Architecture of the Sackets Harbor Heritage Area, 1987, Sackets Harbor Historical Society, Sackets Harbor, New York.
U.S. Army, Encampment of United States Army and National Guard, Military Department of the East, at Pine Camp, Jefferson County, New York, June 15 to July 15, 1908, 1908, Hungerford-Holbrook Company, Watertown, New York.
U.S. Army, Fort Wadsworth, History of Fort Wadsworth: Tricentenary 1663-1963, 1963 (facsimile copy).
Wilder, Patrick, Seaway Trail Guidebook to the War of 1812, 1987, Seaway Trail, Inc., State University of New York, Oswego, New York.
Williford, Glen, and Leo Polaski, Long Island's Military History, 2004, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of Everywhere - Northern Frontier (U.S.), Southern Frontier (Canada), in Coast Defense Study Group Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, Nov. 1994.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #8 - The Seacoast Defenses of New York Harbor and of the Upper Hudson River, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 4, No. 3, Aug. 1990.
RHODE ISLAND
Bates, Walter (Wally), Wally's World War II, in The Coast Defense Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, Nov. 2004.
Fort Adams Trust, Fort Adams brochure, undated.
Gatchel, Theodore L., The Rock on Which the Storm will Beat: Fort Adams and the Defenses of Narragansett Bay, in Newport History: Bulletin of the Newport Historical Society, Newport, Rhode Island, Vol. 67, Part 1, No. 230, Summer 1995.
Griscom, Clement A., Fort Mansfield, Napatree Point, Watch Hill, Rhode Island, 1984, The Westerly Historical Society, Westerly, Rhode Island.
Rhode Island Dept. of Environmental Management, Fort Adams brochure, undated.
Schroder, Walter K., Dutch Island and Fort Greble, 1998, Arcadia Publishing, Dover, New Hampshire.
Smith's Castle at Cocumscussoc brochure, undated, Wickford, Rhode Island.
Zink, Robert D., Forts of "Wherever" #6 - The Coast Defenses of Narragansett Bay and Newport, in Coast Defense Study Group News, Vol. 4, No. 1, Feb. 1990.
VERMONT
Vermont Atlas and Gazetteer, 2003 (11th edition), DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine.
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