Middle Tennessee

Last Update: 05/APRIL/2021

Compiled by Pete Payette - Š2021 American Forts Network

Elk River Fort (1)
(1864), near Prospect
A Union stockaded earthwork fort with two outlying blockhouses, located at the Central Alabama Railroad bridge over the Elk River south of town, and just north of Veto, Alabama. The two blockhouses were sited on either end of the bridge. The railroad was abandoned in 1986.

Civil War Defenses of Pulaski
(1864), Pulaski
Union earthworks surrounded the town protecting the cavalry garrison posted here, which patrolled the Central Alabama Railroad and important bridges between Nashville and Decatur, Alabama. Named works (November 1864) included:
Battery Lane at the most southern end of town;
Lunette Opdycke at the Pulaski Female Institute on Seminary Hill;
Lunette Evans at the McCullain House;
Redoubt Suman on the point of the ridge by the Cornersville Road;
Redoubt Waters on the northern part of the same ridge where the old Columbia Road crosses it;
Bradley's Entrenchments on the cluster of hills, spurs, and ridges fortified by General Bradley's brigade;
Martin's Lines constructed by Col. Martin's brigade;
Redoubt Knefler on the most westerly hill, constructed by Col. Knefler;
Demilune Post constructed by Col. Post's brigade;
Fort Pulaski on the central conical peak where the flagstaff is located;
Grose's Lines the works between Lunette Evans and Redoubt Suman.

Fort (Eli) Lilly was a Union earthwork located on Fort Hill, on the northern edge of town. Remnants supposedly still exist on what is now called Reservoir Hill, owned by the local water works company, on Fort Hill Drive. No public access. NOTE: This is most likely the same as Fort Pulaski listed above.
(thanks to Robert Donovan for providing info)

Camp Blount
(1813, 1818, 1836), Fayetteville
A TN state militia camp on the south bank of the Elk River during General Jackson's campaign against the Creek Indians (October 1813). The site was also used for recruiting during the First and Second Seminole Wars. A stone monument (D.A.R. 1913) and state marker (1951) marks the location at the present-day Wal-Mart shopping center. A planned historic park is being developed since 2019, at 1124 Huntsville Highway. This site was once under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service as the Camp Blount Tablets National Memorial (1927 - 1944). See also Tennessee Encyclopedia

Crow Creek Blockhouses
(1864 - 1865), Franklin County
Four Union blockhouses were located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridges and trestles over Crow Creek in southeastern Franklin County, between Sherwood and the Alabama state line. Garrisoned by 20 men each.

Tantallon Railroad Defenses
(1864 - 1865), near Tantallon
Two Union blockhouses were located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad trestles over Rush Creek, one mile north of town, and one-quarter mile north of town. Garrisoned by 10 men each. A third blockhouse was located in town at the bridge and station, garrisoned by 20 men.

Boiling Fork Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), Cowan
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over the Boiling Fork of the Elk River (aka Boiling Fork Creek), just east of town. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Camp Thomas (1)
(1863), near Winchester (?)
A Union camp, occupied by the 10th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Undetermined exact location, probably somewhere on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, possibly near present-day Decherd.

Camp Harris
(1861 - 1863), Estill Springs
Initially a CSA training camp, later became a heavily fortified CSA camp defending the bridges over the Elk River. Traces remain. This site was once part of the Allisonia mill community. A marker is one and one-half miles south of town on TN 16.

Elk River Blockhouse (2)
(1864 - 1865), Estill Springs
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over the Elk River. Garrisoned by 60 men.

Poor Man's Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Tullahoma
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over Poor Man's (Poorhouse ?) Creek, south of town. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Civil War Defenses of Tullahoma
(1862 - 1864), Tullahoma
Confederate earthwork batteries surrounded the town west of Rock Creek along Military Road (Batteries #1 - #6), and north and east of town (seven breastwork batteries) protecting the Manchester Road, Cascade Spring Road, and the railroad. Later two earthwork forts were built closer to town, and the outer works were extended from the east to the south. This was the headquarters of the CSA Army of Tennessee's winter encampment (January - June 1863) under General Braxton Bragg, after the December 1862 Battle of Murfreesboro.

A Union infantry garrison was posted here in April 1864.

Camp Forrest
(Arnold U.S. Air Force Base)
(1926 - 1946), Tullahoma FORT WIKI
Originally a TN National Guard training center known as Camp Peay, covering about 1040 acres. Federalized in 1940 and renamed, with the addition of 85,000 acres. William Northern Air Field was built to train B-24 bomber crews. The post became a POW camp in 1942. Marker located at US 41-A at 3rd Ave.. The site became part of the Arnold Engineering Development Center (USAF) in 1951.

Old Stone Fort (1) (State Archaeological Park) ?
(1 AD - 500 ?, 1863 ?), Manchester
A 2000-year old Middle Woodland Period Indian stone-walled structure. Possibly used in the Civil War by local Confederate forces to defend the town.

Civil War Defenses of Manchester
(1862 - 1863), Manchester
CSA earthworks covered the approaches to the town. A redoubt and a separate stockade were built to the east past the railroad depot.

Norman's Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), Normandy
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over Norman Creek. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Duck River Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Cortner
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over the Duck River. Garrisoned by 40 men.

Fort Nash
(1793 ?, 1800 - 1802 ?), near Gossburg
A Federal fort on the Tennessee Valley Divide in the Coffee - Cannon - Rutherford County boundary area built to protect Cherokee lands from white encroachment coming from the Cumberland River settlements. Also known as Cantonment on the Tennessee Ridge. It was no longer listed on Federal post returns by 1803, and was referenced in 1806 as "no longer standing". Probable site located on the Jernigan Branch of the Garrison Fork (of Duck River), in the vicinity of Jernigan Branch Road.

A militia fort may have possibly existed here as early as 1793.

Guest Hollow Stockade
(1862), near Summitville
A Union stockade protecting the railroad bridge. Attacked by Confederates in August 1862.

Camp Smartt
(1861 - 1863, intermittant), near McMinnville
A CSA training camp. Marker is located two miles south of town on TN 108.

Fairfield Encampment
(1863), Fairfield, Bedford County
A CSA defensive winter encampment (January - June 1863) for Hardee's Corps.

Garrison's Fork Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Wartrace
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over the Garrison Fork of the Duck River, south of town. Garrisoned by 50 men.

Wartrace Encampment
(1863), Wartrace
A CSA defensive winter encampment (January - June 1863).

Wartrace Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Wartrace
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over Wartrace Creek. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Another blockhouse (10 men) was located about one-half mile north at the railroad trestle over an unnamed creek.

Bell Buckle Encampment
(1863), Bell Buckle
A CSA defensive winter encampment (January - June 1863).

Bell Buckle Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Bell Buckle
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over Bell Buckle Creek. Garrisoned by 20 men.

Civil War Defenses of Shelbyville
(1862 - 1863), near Shelbyville
CSA earthworks surrounded the town from Horse Mountain, north of Little Hurricane Creek, then west to Elbethel, then south to the Duck River at Warner's Mill (Bridge). The Confederate forces withdrew to the south in June 1863.

Stones River Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Murfreesboro
A Union blockhouse located at the railroad bridge over the (Middle Fork ?) Stones River, about three miles south of town. Garrisoned by 40 men.

Camp Anderson
(1861), near Murfreesboro
A CSA recruiting camp located three miles from the city. Exact location undetermined.

Civil War Defenses of Murfreesboro
(Stones River National Battlefield)
(1863 - 1866), Murfreesboro FORT WIKI
Fortress Rosecrans, built after the December 1862 Battle of Stones River to prevent another Confederate attack, and to protect the vast storehouses and supply depots along the river and railroad. One of the largest earthen forts built during the war (225 acres), it consisted of four redoubts (Schofield, Brannan, T.J. Wood, Johnson); nine lunettes (Stanley, Negley, Reynolds, Rousseau, Gordon Granger, Crittenden, McCook, Thomas, Palmer); two demilunettes (Davis, Garfield); one redan (Van Cleve); and two batteries (Cruft, Mitchel). A tenth lunette named Sheridan is shown on some maps behind Granger. Most portions have been destroyed by development, but about one-quarter mile of the west wall and traces of Lunettes Palmer and Thomas still exist in Old Fort Park. Redoubt Brannan is also well-preserved, located off of West College Street. Traces of Lunette Negley may possibly remain on private property on Manson Pike (Medical Center Parkway). See also TN Encyclopedia of History and Culture The property was acquired by the city in 1966, later transferred to the NPS in 1993 as a unit of the Stones River National Battlefield.

Old Fort (1862), the first Union fortified position, located closer to town, and across Lytle's Creek from the railroad depot and Rio Mill.
Camp Bradley, undetermined location.
Camp Garesché, near the Lebanon Pike, within the bounds of the present-day battlefield.
Camp Pennsylvania, on the Salem Pike west of town.
Camp Shaefer, undetermined location.
Camp Sill, undetermined location.
Camp Stanley, four miles south of town on the Manchester Pike, at Lytle's Creek (near Mankinville. (thanks to Michael Swanson for info)

Overall's Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Florence
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over Overall Creek, just east of town. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Stewart's Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Smyrna
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over Stewarts Creek, just south of town. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Smyrna Bridge Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Smyrna
A Union blockhouse located at the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad bridge over an unnamed creek (Hart's Branch ?) just north of town. Garrisoned by 30 men.

Fort Palmer (2)
(1864 - 1865), Culleoka
A Union stockade and/or blockhouse protecting the railroad trestle over Fountain Creek.

John Mack's Fort
(1790's), near McCains
A settlers' stockaded blockhouse at a spring, located about one mile southeast of town on Covey Branch. Mack may have settled here as early as 1781.

Civil War Defenses of Columbia
(1862 - 1865), Columbia
An unnamed Confederate earthwork fort (1862) was on Mount Parnassus (Reservoir Hill) on West 6th Street, west of the courthouse. There may have been another Confederate fort on a hill just south of the Rainey House in present Woodland Park, on Confederate Drive near Wheeler Drive. The Union later occupuied the town for a short time in 1862 and erected some additional defenses, including a small redoubt at the Columbia Female Institute on West Market Street. In late 1864 the fort on Reservoir Hill was strengthened with rocks and logs (with a covered magazine) and named Fort Mizner, with a supporting battery facing down West 7th Street. The David Looney House at 207 West 6th Street was used as Officer's quarters and later as a hospital. Union trenchworks (1864) were also located south of the railroad line on the then south side of town between Bigby Creek and the Columbia Pike (modern-day US 31/Carmack Blvd.) or to Cemetery Street (east of US 31). The town was attacked and briefly held by Confederates in November 1864. Mount Parnassus was partially leveled in 1884 to build the city's water works and reservoir. The Athenaeum at 808 Athenaeum Street was built in 1837 as the rectory for the Columbia Female Institute. The separate Athenaeum School for girls opened in 1852, closed in 1904 and was sold to the city as a public school, and was razed in 1915 for the Columbia Central High School. The Columbia (Female) Institute closed in the 1930's and burned down in 1959.

There was a Union fort and/or blockhouse (1864) at the Rutherford Creek railroad bridge just off present-day Carter's Creek Pike (TN 246), near Darks Mill. There was also another large Union fort (1864) with two blockhouses at the Duck River railroad bridge where the modern Spontex industrial plant was (near Godwin ?).

Columbia Arsenal
(Historic Sites in Maury County)
(1888 - 1902), Columbia FORT WIKI
A Federal arsenal, completed in 1892, originally composed of nine stone buildings on 67 acres, located on West Seventh Street by the railroad. During the Spanish-American War (1898) may have been used as part of Camp Hamilton. Sold and became the Columbia Military Academy in 1904 (closed 1978), now the Columbia Academy (college preparatory school).

Camp Hamilton
(1898), Columbia
A Spanish-American War muster-out camp at the old fairgrounds at South Side Park, located at Old South Main and East 17th Streets. Some troops may have also been encamped at the Columbia Arsenal.

Wilkinson Cantonment
(1801 - 1802), near Cartersville ?
A Federal troop encampment during the construction/improvement of the Natchez Trace, located at the crossing of the Duck River. Also known as Duck River Cantonment.

Cooper's "Fort"
(1810's), Hickman County
A settlers' log cabin located near the spring of Fort Cooper Creek. Located about three miles southwest of Primm Springs.

Campbell's Station
(1810's), Hickman County
A settlers' station located on Fort Cooper Creek near the head of the hollow from Lick Creek.

Joseph Davie's Blockhouse
(1810's), near Jones Valley
A settlers' blockhouse located on Leatherwood Creek.

Col. Butler's Cantonment
(1801 - 1802), near Smarden ?
A Federal troop encampment during the construction/improvement of the Natchez Trace, located somewhere along the heights of the Duck River Ridge.

Triune Defenses
(1863 - 1865), Triune
A series of several Union earthen redoubts and trenchworks located at the junction of the Nolensville Pike (present-day TN 11) and Spanntown Road, north of Wilson Branch Creek, which protected an important supply depot and signal station. Attacked by CSA troops in June 1863. Well-defined remnants still extant on about 100 acres of private property.

Fort Granger (2)
(1862 - 1865), Franklin FORT WIKI
Extensive Union earthworks with 24 guns, located on the north bank of the Harpeth River behind Pinkerton Park, from which it can be accessed. This fort did not play any significant role in the November 1864 Battle of Franklin. A city-owned park at 105 Fort Granger Drive, tours can also be arranged with the Carter House Museum (1830) at 1140 Columbia Ave., operated by the Battle of Franklin Trust. There were also five or six supporting batteries on the surrounding hills, including Roper's Knob Battery (still extant) north of town. See also Save the Franklin Battlefield, Inc. || Lotz House (1858) Civil War Museum at 1111 Columbia Ave..

Also of interest is Historic Carnton Plantation (1826) at 1345 Carnton Lane, operated by the Battle of Franklin Trust. Adjacent to Carnton is the city-owned Eastern Flank Battlefield Park at 1343 Carnton Lane. South of town along US 31 (4023 Columbia Pike) at Winstead Hill is Confederate Memorial Park with exhibits of the battlefield and General John Bell Hood's headquarters.

Camp Brentwood
(1863), Brentwood
A Union 785-man stockaded and bastioned infantry and artillery post here was captured by Confederates in March 1863. Marker on US 31.

Mound Bottom (State Archaeological Area)
(Harpeth River State Park)
(1100 - 1400), near Shacklett
A Mississippian Culture palisaded town and 14-mound complex on the west bank of the Harpeth River, opposite Mound Creek. First surveyed in 1804. Guided tours by reservation only, from November to March. Excavated artifacts are on display at the Montgomery Bell State Park office. The "Pack Site", located just to the south across from Dog Creek, was also a palisaded mound complex. See also Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture

Indian Fortress
(unknown dates), near Bellsburg
An ancient structure located northwest of Nashville near the Cumberland and Harpeth Rivers. (Possibly in reference to above ?)

(see page 4 for Greater Nashville Area fortifications)

Robert Crockett's Camp
(1769), near Oak Hill
A hunting camp near a cave in a creek bank, established by Robert Crockett, Joseph Drake, and Kasper Mansker. Crockett was killed by Indians, and the others buried him on a nearby hill overlooking the site. Located about four miles south of Okalona.

Fort Blount
(1794 - 1798), near Flynns Lick
A local militia stockaded fort, with one central blockhouse, located on the north (or west) bank of the Cumberland River (Cordell Hull Lake) on Smith Bend, nearly opposite the mouth of Flynn Creek, along the old Avery Trace (established 1788). Also known as Big Lick Garrison. Formally named in 1795. Federal troops garrisoned the post after 1796. Site was excavated in the 1970's and again in 1989-94. Artifacts and exhibits of the fort are displayed at the Fred Lucas Haile Museum in nearby Gainesboro. The nearby Fort Blount civilian settlement (after 1796) later became the town of Williamsburg in 1807, but became defunct in 1820. The building that was formerly the town jail survived until the early 1970's.

A Territorial Militia blockhouse was earlier constructed in 1792 or 1793, at the ferry landing for the Avery Trace, known simply as the Blockhouse at the Crossing of the Cumberland (or Cumberland Ford). It may have been located on the east side of the river, opposite the future site of Fort Blount, but the site has never been found archaeologically. Cordell Hull Lake was created in 1973, inundating the old eastern bank of the river at this location.

Lindsley Archaeological Site
(Sellars Farm State Archaeological Area)
(1000 - 1300), Greenwood
A palisaded and moated Mississippian Culture temple mound complex on Spring Creek, southeast of Lebanon. The palisade had bastions at regular intervals. The park is a subunit of Long Hunter State Park.

Major William Hall's (Sr.) Station
(1785 - unknown), near Castalian Springs
A settlers' fort on Lick Creek off Governor Hall Road, northeast of town. Hall and two sons were killed by Indians a few years later. Son William Jr. later became a general in the Federal Army and state governor.

Jacob Ziegler's Station
(Bledsoe Creek State Park)
(1791 - 1792), Cairo
A settlers' four log-cabin complex located 1.5 miles north of town on Bledsoe Creek. It was not stockaded. It was attacked and burned in June 1792. Also spelled Zigler.

Castalian Springs Archaeological Site
(Bledsoe's Lick Historical Association)
(1100 - 1450), Castalian Springs
A Mississippian Culture palisaded temple mound complex located at Bledsoe's Lick. Several mounds are still extant. Bledsoe's Lick Archaeological Project

Isaac Bledsoe's Station
(Bledsoe's Fort Historic Park)
(1780 - unknown), Castalian Springs
A settlers' fort at Bledsoe's Lick. It was attacked by Indians in July 1788, killing brother Anthony Bledsoe and others. Site later became Bledsoe Academy. No remains, site was excavated in the 1970's and '80's. The 80-acre park is on TN 25 west of "Cragfont". A portion of the historic Avery Trace is part of a walking trail. The town was renamed in 1830. Bledsoe's Lick Archaeological Project

Col. Anthony Bledsoe's Station
(1783 - 1788, 1790's), near Castalian Springs
A settlers' fort located 2.5 miles north of brother Isaac's. Also known as Greenfield Station. It was abandoned, with the settlers moving to Isaac Bledsoe's Station. It was re-established by Anthony's sons, and attacked by Indians in April 1793.

John Morgan's Fort
(1786 - unknown), Rogana
A settlers' fort located at the mouth of Dry Fork Creek, 2.5 miles north of Anthony Bledsoe's Station. It was attacked in 1787.

Saunders' Fort
(1791 - unknown), near Gallatin
A settlers' fort located on Deshea Creek, four miles northwest of Isaac Bledsoe's Station, and 2.5 miles east of White's Station (2).

Capt. James White's Station (2)
(1791 - unknown), near Gallatin
James White's second establishment. Located three miles northeast of town.

Walnutfield Station
(1791 - unknown), near Gallatin
A settlers' fort located three miles southeast of town. Built by Capt. Joseph Wilson.

Thomas Spencer's Station
(1780's), Sumner County
A settlers' fort or cabin somewhere near Gallatin.

Asher's Station
(1780, 1783 - unknown), Gallatin
A settlers' station attacked in 1780, abandoned but rebuilt three years later. It was located 2.5 miles southeast of the town center.

Fort Thomas (1)
(1863 - 1865), Gallatin
A Union fort located on the north side of the railroad across Town Creek. Apparently built after the Confederates briefly captured the town in August 1862.

Camp Jim Davis
(1861), near New Zion
A Confederate cavalry recruitment and training camp located at the old Epperson Springs resort hotel along the Tooley Branch of Big Trammel Creek. Named after the hotel's proprietor. The hotel burned down in 1926. Marker located at 9695 Epperson Springs Road.

Fort Mitchel
(1863), Buck Lodge
A Union fort protecting the two railroad bridges over West Fork Drakes Creek. Also known as Buck Lodge Stockade. Highway marker on TN 109.

Fort Smith
(1863), Mitchellville
A Union fort protecting the railroad. Highway marker on TN 109.

Camp Trousdale
(1861 - 1862), near Portland
A CSA training camp. The only permanent barracks in the state that were built for Confederate troops were located here. Marker on TN 109, three miles southeast of Mitchell. The Cold Springs School (1857) was used as the camp hospital. Originally located about 2.5 miles northwest of town towards Mitchellville, the structure was moved in 1975 to Richland Park in Portland, now operated as a museum by the Highland Rim Historical Society. The town was originally named Richland.

James McCain's Station
(1783 - unknown), near Ocana
A settlers' fort located on the west bank of Big Station Camp Creek south of Long Hollow Pike (TN 174).

Hamilton's Station
(1788 - unknown), near Cummings Gap
A settlers' fort also known as Ridge Station.

Thomas Kilgore's Station
(1780 - 1782), Cross Plains
A settlers' fort. The stockade was later dismantled for fear of invoking Indian attacks, but the main house remained for many years.

Isaac Titsworth's Fort
(1780's), Springfield
A settlers' fort attacked and destroyed in 1792, killing Titsworth and several others.

Springfield Post
(1862 - 1865), Springfield
A Union fortified camp located on a hill overlooking the town, used as a base camp to protect the railroad and to supply several manned blockhouses along the line towards Nashville. A line of defensive earthworks ran from the town west to Sulphur Fork Creek, and also about one mile south.

Sulphur Fork Blockhouse
(1862 - 1865), near Springfield
A Union blockhouse protecting the railroad bridge over Sulphur Fork Creek, located west of the city.

Ridgetop Blockhouse
(1862 - 1865), Ridgetop
A Union blockhouse protecting the railroad trestle on the line between Springfield and Nashville.

Dry Creek Blockhouse
(1862 - 1865), Greenbrier
A Union blockhouse protecting the railroad trestle on the line between Springfield and Nashville.

Samuel Crockett's Fort
(1788 - unknown), near Glover Crossroad
A settlers' fort. Attacked by Indians in 1789.

Camp Cheatham
(1861 - 1862), Cedar Hill
A CSA training camp located east of Adams. Dismantled by Union troops after March 1862. Marker on US 41 at Sory Street.

Fort Redmond
(1861 - 1865), near Adams
A CSA blockhouse protecting the railroad bridge on the line between Nashville and Forts Donelson and Henry. After those forts fell to the Union in February 1862, the Confederates withdrew to Nashville. Occupied by the Union afterwards, rebuilt and renamed Red River Blockhouse Number One. Earthwork remnants still remain on the ridge on the south side of the Red River bridge. Marker on US 41, east of Keysburg Road.

Renfroe's Station
(Port Royal State Historic Area)
(1780), Port Royal
A settlers' fort located on the Red River at Sulphur Fork Creek, built by brothers Moses, Joseph, Isaac, and James. It was attacked and destroyed in July 1780. Fleeing survivors were caught and massacred at Battle Creek 17 miles east, two miles southeast of Coopertown. The town was later founded in 1797. This was the head of navigation on the Red River.

Col. James Ford's Station
(1788 ?), New Providence
A settlers' fort located on high ground on the north bank of the Cumberland River, just below the mouth of the Red River.

Col. Valentine Sevier's Station
(1792 - 1794), New Providence
A settlers' stone blockhouse and several log cabins, it was never stockaded. Valentine was brother to John. One source calls it New Providence Blockhouse. Attacked by Cherokees in November 1794, killing six family members. The stone blockhouse is the oldest standing structure in the county, located at 326 Walker Street, south of "B" Street. See also Is Sevier Station Really Sevier Station ? from Clarksville Online.com

Civil War Defenses of Clarksville
(1861 - 1865), Clarksville, and New Providence
Confederate works built in 1861 were:
Fort Defiance (aka Fort Sevier), in New Providence at 120 "A" Street, near Pine Street. Captured by the Union in February 1862, briefly recaptured by Confederates, then taken again by the Union and renamed Fort Bruce. Visitor center built in 2008.
Fort Clark an earthwork located on the south side of the Red River at its mouth. Site destroyed by development.
Fort Terry an earthwork located at the Red River crossing of the old Louisville and Nashville Railroad grade. Still exists, private property.
(thanks to Steven Stewart, Customs House Museum & Cultural Center, for providing info)

Camp Boone
(1861), near Clarksville
A CSA recruiting camp for Kentuckians before that state's neutrality was broken, located along Spring Creek. Highway marker on US 79 three and one-half miles south of the KY state line.

CSA Camp Burnett (1861) was nearby (undetermined location).

Fort Donelson (National Battlefield)
(1861 - 1865), Dover ¤National Archives MAP¤ FORT WIKI
A Confederate fort captured and held by the Union in February 1862. The earthworks fort has been restored and includes the Water Battery, Jackson's Battery, French's Battery, and Maney's Battery. Confederates tried to retake the fort in February 1863. The Union then built a second earthwork fort nearby in 1863, and this site is now the National Cemetery. Attacked again in September 1863.

Fort Henry
(Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area)
(1861 - 1865), Fort Henry FORT WIKI
Located west of Dover. A Confederate 17-gun earthwork fort captured and held by the Union in February 1862, then renamed Fort Foote. The site is now mostly underwater in Kentucky Lake. Some outworks and rifle pits still remain.

Camp Halleck
(1862), near Fort Henry
The Union landing on the Tennessee River, north of Panther Creek, during the assault on Fort Henry. Site now underwater.

Sullivans Branch Redoubt
(1863 - 1865), Craggie Hope
A Union earthwork defense, possibly with a stockade, built to protect the railroad trestle over Sullivans Branch Creek. Earthworks still remain.
(thanks to Robert Donovan for providing info)

White Bluffs Fort
(1790's or 1800's - 1810's), White Bluff
A settlers' fort or blockhouse was located here as early as 1806, if not earlier.

Charlotte Fort
(1790's or 1800's - 1810's), Charlotte
A settlers' fort or blockhouse was located here as early as 1806, if not earlier.

Camp Mussey
(1863 - 1864), near Donegan Crossing
A Union (U.S. Colored Troops) infantry encampment located on the railroad two miles east of Gillem Station. Some earthworks may possibly still exist on private property.

Camp Gillem
(1863 - 1865), Tennessee City
A Union fortified encampment located at Gillem Station to protect the railroad depot here. The town was renamed after the war.

Hurricane Creek Blockhouse (1)
(1863 - 1865), near McEwen
A Union blockhouse and stockade built to protect the railroad trestle over Hurricane Creek, located about four miles east of town.

Yellow Bank Stockade
(1863 - 1865), near McEwen
A Union stockade, with earthwork defenses, built to protect the railroad trestle over Yellow Bank Branch, located about one mile east of town.

Camp L. Thomas (2)
(1864 - 1865), near McEwen
A Union camp (13th Infantry U.S.C.T.) located on the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad. Possibly the same location as the Yellow Bank Stockade (above). (NOTE: this was not the same as Camp Lorenzo Thomas (1) located in Nashville.)

Trace Creek Stockade (1)
(1863 - 1865), near Waverly
A Union blockhouse and stockade built to protect the railroad trestle over Trace Creek. Undetermined location, as there was apparently more than one railroad trestle over Trace Creek between present-day Denver and Gorman.

Waverly Fort
(1863 - 1865), Waverly FORT WIKI
An unnamed Union redoubt built in 1864 to protect the railroad, replacing an earlier stockade (1863) that was built near the present-day courthouse. Earthworks still remain, located at the Humphreys County Museum (built 1922) at 201 Fort Hill Drive.

Hurricane Mills Stockade
(1863 - 1865), Hurricane Mills
A Union stockade was located here.

Trace Creek Blockhouse (2)
(1863 - 1865), near Denver
A Union blockhouse was located on the railroad at the Trace Creek trestle, about three miles east of Old Johnsonville.

Johnsonville Defenses
(Johnsonville State Historic Area)
(1864 - 1865), Old Johnsonville
Two Union earthen redoubts still remain along the river on the Johnsonville Redoubts Trail, built after the Confederate attack (November 1864). Four Union gunboats were sunk attempting to reach the Union's fortified Johnsonville Supply Depot that was once nearby at the former town site. The old town site was submerged under Kentucky Lake in 1945 after the dam was built downriver in Kentucky. The park visitor center has information. Camp Hottenstein was the camp of the 13th Infantry, U.S.C.T. (U.S. Colored Troops).

Reynoldsburg Blockhouse
(1805 ? - 1810's), near Old Johnsonville
A settlers' fort was located here about six years before the town was formally established in 1811 or 1812 on the east bank of the Tennessee River at the mouth of Little Dry Creek, about two or three miles north of Old Johnsonville. The town began to decline after 1835 when the county seat was relocated to Waverly, and was long vanished before the creation of Kentucky Lake in 1945. An industrial paper mill complex now covers the area.

NEED MORE INFO:
Towns: Turners Station in Sumner County; Union Camp in Macon County.

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Western Tennessee - page 5

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