Eastern Florida

Last Update: 06/JANUARY/2007

Camp Miller
(1864), near Hampton
A CSA camp on the Santa Fe River.

Camp Dickison
(1864), Waldo
A CSA cavalry camp.

Camp Baker
(1865), Waldo
A CSA camp south of town.

Camp Finegan
(1862 - 1864), near Sanderson
A CSA camp. Abandoned when outnumbered by advancing Union troops in 1864. Renamed Camp Shaw by the Union.

Camp Sanderson
(1864), Sanderson
A CSA supply depot. Briefly captured by the Union for two weeks, used as a base for local raids, but recaptured by the CSA.

Camp Beauregard
(1864), near Olustee
A CSA camp with entrenchments, located on Ocean Pond.

Col. Daniel Newnan's Fort
(1812), near Windsor
A GA militia log breastwork located on the east-side of Newnans Lake, used against the Seminole Indians in support of the local American and British settlers' "Patriots' War" against the Spanish authorities.

Abosaya Fort
(1704 - 1705), near Gainesville
A palisaded wooden fort built by refugee Apalachee mission Indians from San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco. Also known as Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Abosaya (1). Located somewhere near the La Chua Ranch (see below). Attacked by Creek Indians in 1705 and abandoned. The mission Indians then relocated to St. Augustine.

La Chua Ranch
(1703 - 1706), near Gainesville
A Spanish cattle ranch established in 1630 on the north-side of Paynes Prairie, near the Alachua Sink. A blockhouse or stronghouse was built in 1703 to protect the settlers against Indian raids. Attacked by Creek Indians in 1705. The ranch was abandoned in 1706, the settlers fleeing to St. Augustine.

Fort Mitchell (1)
(1814), near Electra
A two-story blockhouse built by American settler Buckner Harris, located about 18 miles east of Ocala on Lake Bryant, used as the final headquarters of the "Patriots" during the "Patriots' War". After Harris was killed, it was abandoned and then burned by Seminoles, afterwhich the "Patriot" movement collapsed.

Fort Drane
(1835 - 1836), Irvine
Originally known as Camp Lang Syne, then Fort Auld (Old) Lang Syne. Built on the Auld Lang Syne Plantation. The camp was later palisaded (150 yards by 80 yards), with two blockhouses. The plantation house served as the Officers' Quarters. Abandoned five months after the "Battle of the Withlacoochee". Occupied by Seminole Indians, but later recaptured. The fort was not rebuilt.

Fort Fanning (2)
(1838 - 1843), Fanning Springs
Originally named Fort Number Nine (E) and Fort Palmetto. Some ruins remain.
(NOTE: At least one contemporary source (1853) lists this as Fort Fannin, without the "g". There was both a "Fannin" and a "Fanning" listed in Army records.)

Cedar Key Post
(1839 - 1843, 1861 - 1865), Cedar Key
A hospital and depot were here originally, later a fort. Also here or nearby, or the same fort, was Fort Number Four (E) (1839 - 1841). Also nearby was Camp (Cantonment) Morgan (1) (1841 - 1842). Severely damaged by an 1842 hurricane. Siezed by the Confederates in 1861, captured by the Union in 1862.
On the mainland near Lukens was Fort Howard (unknown dates). It protected the boat landing (Seminole Wars) and/or the railroad bridge approach (Civil War) to Cedar Key.

Sea Horse Key Battery
(1861 - 1862), Sea Horse Key
A Confederate battery that protected the railroad bridge to Cedar Key. It was captured by the Union in 1862. Two of the original guns are now on display at the Cedar Key State Museum.

Colonial Spanish Missions of Timucua

The following Franciscan Missions were established without presidios or other military protection, and are listed here purely for historical interest. Many sites were abandoned, relocated, and/or consolidated after the 1656 Timucua Rebellion. Most sites were again abandoned after the 1702-06 raids by South Carolina militia troops and allied Indians. There may be other mission sites not listed here. The Timucua Province encompased the inland area from between the Altamaha River and the Little / Withlacoochee Rivers in Georgia, then southward between the St. Johns River and the Suwannee River, towards the Ocala area, but not including the Gulf coastal area. See also South Coastal Georgia.

San Augustín de Urica (? - 1656), in Hamilton County west or southwest of Jasper (?).
An unnamed mission (unknown dates) was possibly located in Hamilton County near Cypress Creek, east of Jasper.
Santa Cruz de Tarihica (1) (1612 ? - 1656), in Columbia County at Indian Pond near Bahia.
San Juan de Guacara (1) (1612 ? - 1656), in Suwannee County at Baptizing Spring near Luraville.
San Juan de Guacara (2) (1656 - 1702 ?), in Suwannee County on the Suwannee River at Charles Spring, five miles northwest of the previous site. Burned by Yamassee or Apalachicola Indians in 1691. Possibly rebuilt (?).
Santa Cruz de Tarihica (2) (1656 - 1702 ?), in Suwannee County near O'Brien (?).
Santa Catalina de Ajohica (1656 - 1702 ?), in Suwannee County near Branford (?). Burned in 1685 by Yamassee Indians and South Carolina colonials, but rebuilt.
San Martín de Ayacuto (1608 - 1656), in Suwannee County at Fig Springs near Hildreth. Site excavated in 1949-52.
Sante Fé de Teleco (1) (1612 ? - 1656), in Alachua County near Traxler (?). Site found and excavated in the 1980's.
Santa Fé de Teleco (2) (1656 - 1704), in Alachua County at Santa Fe. Garrisoned by Spanish troops in 1702. Attacked by Apalachicola Indians in 1702. Merged with San Francisco de Potano (2) in 1704.
San Francisco de Potano (1) (1606 - 1656), in Alachua County south of Hague, on the south-side of San Felasco Hammock.
San Miguel de Potano (1606 ?), in Alachua County west of downtown Gainesville, east of Moon Lake. Lasted only a few years.
San Francisco de Potano (2) (1656 - 1706), in Alachua County west of Gainesville. Palisaded and garrisoned by Spanish troops in 1702. Relocated to the St. Johns River at Salamototo (1) in 1706.
Santa Ana de Potano (1606 - 1656), in Alachua County at Gainesville.
San Buenaventura de Potano (1608 - ?), in Alachua County on the north side of Paynes Prairie near Robinson Heights (Zetrouer Archaeological Site). Lasted only a few years.
Ivitanayo (1656 - 1702 ?), in Putnam County near Florahome (?).

Other missions in Eastern Florida outside of the Timucua Province:
Cofa (1610 ?), in Levy County on Hog Island at the mouth of the Suwannee River. Technically outside the Timucua Province, it served as a supply base for the upriver missions. Lasted only a few years.
San Luís de Eloquale (1620's - ?), in Marion County near Rolling Ranches (?). Served the Ocale Indians.
Santa Lucía de Acuera (1620's - ?), in Marion County near Candler (?). Served the Acuera Indians.
San Blas de Avino (1610's - ?), in Marion County somewhere on the Oklawaha River. Served the Acuera Indians.

Seminole Wars Forts
(includes those forts and posts not already listed above)

Putnam County:
Fort Brooks (1830's), near Kenwood.
Fort Holmes (1840 - 1841), on Deep Creek, 11 miles southwest of Palatka.
Fort Number Ten (E) (1839), near Mannville, on the south bank of Lake Grandin.

Clay County:
Fort Number 11 (E) (1839 - 1840), Keystone Heights, on Lake Geneva.
Fort Van Courtland (1830's), Kingsley.
Fort Number 14 (E) (1839 - 1840), Kingsley. (possibly the same as Fort Van Courtland)

Baker County:
Fort Moniac (1838 - 1842), Hogan's Ferry, a small log defense on the west-side of the North Prong St. Mary's River, about one mile from the Georgia border. (NOTE: an 1840 map places this fort inside Georgia)
James Burnsed's Blockhouse (1837), a settlers' log blockhouse originally located 12 miles north of Glen St. Mary, near Taylor, on the North Prong St. Mary's River. It still exists, moved in 2001 to Heritage Park in Macclenny.
Fort Number 18 (E) (1839), near Sanderson.
Elisha Greene's Blockhouse (1830's), a settlers' log blockhouse located about 2.5 miles south-southeast of Sanderson, just west of the South Prong Cemetery. (possibly Fort No. 18 ?) (info courtesy of George Hill)

Columbia County:
Fort Number 19 (E) (1839), near Lulu.
Fort Alligator (1835), Lake City. Also called Fort Lancaster. Located at Madison and Marion Streets. The town was originally named Alligator.
Fort White (1837 or 1838 - 1842), four miles west of Fort White on the Santa Fe River. Abandoned due to poor health conditions.
Blount's Fort (2) (1830's), on the Suwannee River two miles south of the Georgia border.

Hamilton County:
Fort Cass (1830's), White (Mineral) Springs, used as a troop hospital.
Fort Number 21 (E) (1839), southwest of Adams on the Suwannee River.
Warner's Ferry Stockade (1830's), a plantation owner's stockade, located on the east-side of the Withlacoochee River between Bellville and the Georgia border.

Suwannee County:
Fort Number 20 (E) (1839), five miles west of White Springs.
Fort Page (1830's), near Wellborn.
Fort Eagle (1830's), ten miles southeast of Live Oak.
Charles Ferry Post (1842), Dowling Park.
Fort Number 16 (E) (1839 - 1840), eight miles from O'Brien.

Lafayette County:
Fort Number 17 (E) (1839), north of Mayo, on the south (west) bank of the Suwannee River.

Union County:
Fort Ward (1) (1835 or 1836), near Providence, on the east-side of Olustee Creek near the Santa Fe River.
Fort Call (2) (1830's), near Miller, four miles northwest of Worthington Springs, five miles east of Olustee Creek.
Fort Number 15 (E) (1839 - 1840), four miles northeast of Providence on Swift Creek, near Shaw's Still.

Bradford County:
Fort Crabbe (1830's), on the New River near New River.
Fort Harlee (1837 - 1838), near Hampton on the Santa Fe River. A stockade with two blockhouses.

Alachua County:
Cantonment Winfield Scott (1841 - 1842), located one mile east of the "Natural Bridge" on the Santa Fe River (near High Springs ?).
Fort Newnansville (1835 - unknown), Newnansville. A settlers' fort. Probably the fortified County Courthouse, along with the County Jail, which was converted into a blockhouse.
Fort Gilleland (1837 - 1838), Newnansville.
Fort Gillespie (unknown dates), three miles east of Newnansville.
Fort Mills (1836), La Crosse.
Fort Number 12 (E) (1839 - 1840), nine miles east of Alachua on the Old Bellamy Road.
Fort Hogtown (1817), Gainesville. A local militia fort located near Westside Park at NW 8th Ave. and 34th Street. Hogtown was the original name of the city.
Fort Tarver (1839), south of Gainesville at Paynes Prairie, on the north-side of Alachua Lake below SE 15th Street (Robinson Heights).
Fort Nancy (1856 - 1858), south-side of Gainesville at Boulware Springs. A settlers' blockhouse. Destroyed by Union troops in 1864.
Fort Walker (1838), southwest of Gainesville at Kanapaha Prairie. Originally named Fort Kanapaha.
Fort Wallabout (1839), south of Fort Walker.
Fort Crane (1830 - 1840), near Rochelle, at the head of the Lake Pithlochoco River. A settlers' fort, garrisoned by Federal troops after 1837.
Fort Crum (1835 - 1840), six miles northwest of Micanopy, at the west-end of Paynes Prairie. A settlers' fort, attacked in 1840, all but one defender were killed.
Fort Clarke (1) (1836 - 1840), eight miles west of Gainesville.
Fort Waccahootee (1840 - 1842), Wacahoota.
Fort Micanopy (1835 - 1843), Micanopy. Originally known as Fort Defiance until renamed in 1836. Also designated Fort Number Seven (E) in 1839. Battles occurred here in 1835, 1836, and 1840.
Fort Russell (2) (1839 - 1840), Island Grove. Originally named Fort Number Six (E).

Gilchrist County:
Fort Number 13 (E) (1839), at Blue Springs on the Santa Fe River west of High Springs. Also known as Blue Springs Fort.
Fort McCrabb (1840), located four miles north of Old Town, on the east-side of the Suwannee River, north of Fort Fanning (2).
Cantonment Dinkins (1826), on the east-side of the Suwannee River near Little Lake City.

Levy County:
Fort Number Eight (E) (1839 - 1840, 1850's), renamed later to Fort Waccasassa (b). A 250-foot by 350-foot stockade with a barracks, blockhouse, cookhouse, and blacksmith shop. Located seven miles north of Bronson, at the head of the Waccasassa River.
Clay Landing Blockhouse (1837), a settlers' blockhouse located about ten miles south of Fort Fanning (2) on the Suwannee River near Manatee Springs.
Fort Jennings (1830's), near Otter Creek on the Waccasassa River.
Fort Wekiwa (unknown dates), located on Spring Creek, one mile from its mouth, within the Gulf Hammock.
Fort Number Three (E) (1839 - 1840), on Waccasassa Bay near the mouth of the Waccasassa River.
Fort Waccasassa (a) (1839 - 1843), west-side of the mouth of the Waccasassa River.
Fort Clinch (2) (1836 - 1842), on the Withlacoochee River, about ten miles from its mouth, near Whitehall Estates. Burned by the Seminoles after it was abandoned. Site probably now under Lake Rousseau.

Marion County:
Fort Izard (1836, intermittent to 1842), east of Dunnellon, about 25 miles upriver from the mouth of the Withlacoochee River. Originally known as Camp Izard in 1836, a 250-yard square quadrangle enclosed by log breastworks. The post was occupied intermittently thereafter until 1842. The actual site has been preserved, one of the very few remaining from this period.
Camp Graham (1836), near Dunnellon on the Withlacoochee River, about 20 miles from the mouth, it was a supply depot.
Fort Hook (1839), Fellowship. Originally named Fort Number Two (E).
Fort King (1827 - 1829, 1832 - 1842), Ocala, located on a hill near SE 39th Ave. (Fort King Road). Originally known as Cantonment King or Camp King (1) in 1827. Built one mile from the Seminole Indian Agency (1825). A log stockade with a 14-foot square blockhouse, barracks, two Officers' quarters, kitchen, mess hall, and a magazine. Attacked in 1835. Designated Fort Number One (E) in 1839. A battle occurred near here in 1840. Camp King (2) was located east of the fort in 1840.
Fort Duval (1826), Silver Springs. Built one-quarter mile from the Seminole Indian Agency.
Fort Fowle (1839), at Sharpe's Ferry (FL 314), east of Ocala on the east-side of the Ocklawaha River.
Fort Connor (1830's), on the Ocklawaha River between Conner and Grahamsville.
Fort Wheelock (1840 - 1842), southwest shore of Orange Lake, near Orange Lake (?)
Camp Smith (unknown dates), located near Fort Drane.
Fort McKay (1838 or 1839), Fort McCoy. A stockaded fort with two blockhouses. (The name of the town was later altered)
Fort Number Five (E) (1839), four miles west of Lake Delancy, in Ocala National Forest.
Fort Russell (3) (1839 - 1842), on the south-side of Orange Creek, near Orange Springs.

NOTE: In 1839 during the Second Seminole War, General Zachary Taylor implemented a plan to divide East Florida into 18-20 mile squares with a 20-man garrison in the center of each. East Florida was divided in half, "Middle" Florida being between the Suwannee River and the Apalachicola River, and duplicate fort numbers were used in East (E) and "Middle" (M) Florida. The highest number recorded was "21".

NEED MORE INFO: Undetermined locations in East Florida: Camp Hill (1842); CSA Camp Hunt (1862).
Unknown locations (may be located in another part of the state): Fort Brady (1839); Hancock Creek Post (1849); Fort Sherrod (1842); CSA Camp Simkins (1863 - 1864); Fort Stanley (1839); Camp Twiggs (1850); Fort Wade (date ?).

Towns: Fort Union north of Live Oak, Suwannee County

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